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- 1 Scheme for recharging the battery and includes elements<\/li>\n
- 2 The principle of operation of the circuit and the elements of interaction<\/li>\n
- 3 Possible Causes of Faults<\/li>\n
- 4 checks and troubleshooting<\/li>\n
- 5 Bon Voyage!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Battery charging circuit and includes elements<\/h2>\n
To eliminate the causes of malfunctions associated with the electrical system of the car, it is necessary to understand its operation. Otherwise, you can not only solve the problem, but also aggravate it. There are always, of course, luck and chance factors, but without knowledge of the electrical circuit and the principle of its operation in the development<\/a> of modern electronics, they are often equal fractions of a percent.<\/p>\n
The classic scheme for the interaction of elements in the charging circuit, using the VAZ 2110 as an example, includes:<\/p>\n
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- batteries;<\/li>\n
- a generator with a built-in rectifier unit and a regulator attached to it;<\/li>\n
- the fuse is located in the mounting block;<\/li>\n
- egnition lock;<\/li>\n
- battery charge indicator located in the instrument cluster.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
In cars of different manufacturers, the switching wires may differ depending on the built-in factory locks, but the principle of operation is the same everywhere.<\/p>\n
The principle of operation of the circuit and elements of interaction<\/h2>\n
The voltage on the battery after turning the ignition key goes through the fuse and is supplied to the instrument panel, which lights up the control lamp. The crankshaft of the engine begins to rotate and through a belt drive transmits torque to the generator pulley Rotor. The voltage created in its windings is fed to the built-in three-phase diode bridge, where the sinusoidal signal is rectified and the variable component is converted into a constant one. To prevent damage to the electrical oscillations of the vehicle, the voltage in the system, occurring when the engine speed is increased and decreased, a relay-regulator circuit is introduced. Its task<\/a> is to maintain the system at a nominal value between 13.6 and 14.2 volts. It is installed in a special slot on the generator has a direct contact of the rotor through the brushes.<\/p>\n
Increase the speed of the engine, proportionally increases the current generated by the generator. At some point, the voltage difference arrives at the outputs of the indicator signal from the generator and battery, it becomes equal to zero. He comes out. Structurally, to obtain a certificate, the voltage is suitable for the lamp, in the circuit it is implemented in two branches:<\/p>\n
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- the first is one contact, current flows from the battery through the ignition switch and fuse;<\/li>\n
- on the second – to another terminal is powered directly from the control relay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Therefore, if the indicator on the panel flashes or the battery icon lights up when the engine is running, the reasons for this are different voltages at the lamp terminals.<\/p>\n
Possible causes of malfunctions<\/h2>\n
When it became clear that the principle of operation of the charging circuit, rather than depressed contemplation of the dashboard, you can easily think of the elimination process to determine the cause of the malfunction. First of all, it is worth remembering and remembering if the whistle from under the hood has been annoying lately. If the answer is yes, then it is most likely a loose or broken belt that transmits torque to the generator from the crankshaft pulley.<\/p>\n
In case of a negative answer, move according to the scheme from left to right:<\/p>\n
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- battery. Decreased or disappeared from its supply: loose contact at the terminals or at the junction with the generator;<\/li>\n
- Fuse. Burned or out of engagement with the conductive pad of the mounting block;<\/li>\n
- Ignition switch. His fault can only be considered if the instrument panel caught fire from several indicators.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
The first branch, which provides current from the caterpillar battery, then we move on to the second, connected to the generator:<\/p>\n
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- Alternator malfunctions: brushes, burned out diode bridge or one of the additional diodes, short circuit or open circuit in the windings, wear of the front bushing or bearing;<\/li>\n
- From the relay-regulator order.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
After identifying potential culprits, you can get down to business with repairs. But do not forget that there are still wires that can fray and damage the insulation in contact with the ground, thereby reducing the voltage in one of the sections of the circuit. If this occurs in the “generator lamp” branch, then the corresponding contact of the last voltage change, and check the battery indicator lights up, but the battery will be recharged normally.<\/p>\n
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<\/a><\/p>\nChecks and Troubleshooting<\/h2>\n
Before inspection, the machine must be stopped to avoid injury! Be sure to check for good pressure in all places where the wires are attached at the junction of the terminals or bolts. With weakening, due to oxidation and corrosion, contact is often lost. You should also check the integrity of the fuses in the mounting block. After work, you need to start the engine and check the operation of the circuit. If after all the above steps, the light is still charging the battery – generator.<\/p>\n
It is best if the trunk is found with a multimeter. According to the scheme, focusing on the readings of the instruments, sequentially check the entire chain until you find unsuccessful elements or a break. By measuring the voltage on the battery, you can immediately determine the health of the alternator and built-in elements. His refusal to read will not exceed 12.6 volts. If the result is in the range from 13.6 to 14.2, everything is fine with it. An increased voltage at the terminals (more than 14.8 volts) indicates a malfunction of the relay regulator.<\/p>\n
Unfortunately, not all drivers carry a measuring device with them. In his absence, a bulb from the interior of the light will help. Of course, to see a slight change in incandescence, and even on a sunny day, is not possible, but a lot can be done by determining<\/a> the presence or absence of voltage, and in terms of logical reasoning. To check the effectiveness of the same relay, regardless of its type, it is not difficult by connecting a light bulb and applying voltage from the battery.<\/p>\n
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